云南玉龙雪山东麓断层的运动性质及其地貌意义
中国地震局地质研究所, 地震动力学国家重点实验室, 北京 100029
中国地震灾害防御中心, 北京 100029
中国地震局地壳应力研究所, 北京 100085
广东省地质局第一地质大队, 珠海 519000
中国地震局地质研究所地震动力学国家重点实验室项目（批准号：LED2016A01）和中国地震局地壳应力研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项项目（批准号：ZDJ2014-10）共同资助
中图分类号:P315;P542
State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029
China Earthquake Disaster Prevention Center, Beijing 100029
Institute of Crustal Dynamics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100085
NO. 1 Brigade of Guangdong Geology Bureau, Zhuhai 519000
玉龙雪山东麓断层位于玉龙雪山东侧山麓，由于处在高海拔地区，且地形复杂，因此研究程度相对较低，其运动性质存在争议。近期我们在野外考察期间，发现多个与第四纪地层相关的断层露头剖面，分析表明玉龙雪山东麓断层不仅是川滇菱形块体的西南边界断层，也是三江挤压区的东部边界。现今GPS观察表明川滇菱形块体快速向东南方向运动。目前玉龙雪山东麓断层的主要运动性质为右旋走滑，同时，还有逆冲分量。它不同于川滇菱形块体周边以及云南其他的走滑断层，不排除此断层在长期的演化过程中有过运动性质的转变。晚更新世晚期以来，玉龙雪山东麓断层活动强烈，右旋位错速率为5.03~8.37mm/a，垂直活动速率为2.37~3.94mm/a。根据此断层的活动性，可以推测玉龙雪山近期的快速隆升开始于早更新世晚期与中更新世早期之间。虎跳峡内最后一次快速下切发生在大具盆地第三级阶地（T3）形成之后，即现代虎跳峡形成于距今约33.8~20.3ka以来，并仍在发展之中。
The eastern piedmont fault of Yulong Mountains is located at the eastern piedmont of Yulong Mountains, southwest of China. Due to its high elevation and complex topography, there are a few studies on the piedmont fault, and its kinematic remains controversy. Recently, we found a series of outcrop sections in Quaternary stratigraphy during our field investigation. Our observations suggest that the eastern piedmont fault of Yulong Mountains is not only the southwestern boundary of the Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block, but also the eastern boundary of the Sanjiang extrusion area. GPS observation shows that the Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block is moving rapidly to the southeast direction. At present, the main movement of the eastern piedmont fault of Yulong Mountains is dextral strike slip, accompanying thrust component, which is very different from the strike slip faults in the Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block and Yunnan Province. It is not precluded that this fault has changed over the long-term evolution. The eastern piedmont fault of Yulong Mountains shows strong activity since the Late Pleistocene. Using previous dating results, we obtain a vertical slip rate of 2.37~3.94mm/a and right lateral slip rate of 5.03~8.37mm/a. Based on the above rates of the eastern piedmont fault of Yulong Mountain, we suggest that the rapid uplift of the Yulong Mountains between the late Early Pleistocene and early Middle Pleistocene. The modern Tiger-Leaping-Gorge formed since about 33.8~20.3ka, and now is ongoing, and the gorge will be narrowed and the upper Tiger-Leaping-Gorge will move to the upstream of Jinsha River in the future.
图 1玉龙雪山东麓断层和大具盆地位置图
玉龙雪山东麓断层和大具盆地位置图
图 2玉龙雪山东麓断层露头剖面位置图
玉龙雪山东麓断层露头剖面位置图
Figure 2.Outcrop sections location of the eastern piedmont fault of Yulong Mountains
Outcrop sections location of the eastern piedmont fault of Yulong Mountains
图 3玉龙雪山东麓断层峨嵋子村剖面A
玉龙雪山东麓断层峨嵋子村剖面A
Figure 3.The E'meizi section A of the eastern piedmont fault of Yulong Mountains. (a)From up to down of the photo, the strata is red weathering crust, fault fracture zone, fault plane and limestone respectively; (b)The photo of fault plane and scratch
The E'meizi section A of the eastern piedmont fault of Yulong Mountains. (a)From up to down of the photo, the strata is red weathering crust, fault fracture zone, fault plane and limestone respectively; (b)The photo of fault plane and scratch
图 4玉龙雪山东麓断层峨嵋子村剖面B
玉龙雪山东麓断层峨嵋子村剖面B
Figure 4.The E'meizi section B of the eastern piedmont fault of Yulong Mountains. The red weathering crust was involved in fault fracture zone in this section
The E'meizi section B of the eastern piedmont fault of Yulong Mountains. The red weathering crust was involved in fault fracture zone in this section
图 5玉龙雪山东麓断层大坝子村西剖面C
玉龙雪山东麓断层大坝子村西剖面C
Figure 5.The Dabazi section C of the eastern piedmont fault of Yulong Mountains. (a)Profile picture, the yellow eolian origin sandy soil layer is unit 1 in the upper part of the section, and the hole is the location of optically stimulated luminescence sample(the result do not come out); the grey gravel layer in the down part of the section is unit 2; (b)Geological sketch profile, the grey-yellow muddy layer which contains gravels is unit 3
The Dabazi section C of the eastern piedmont fault of Yulong Mountains. (a)Profile picture, the yellow eolian origin sandy soil layer is unit 1 in the upper part of the section, and the hole is the location of optically stimulated luminescence sample(the result do not come out); the grey gravel layer in the down part of the section is unit 2; (b)Geological sketch profile, the grey-yellow muddy layer which contains gravels is unit 3
图 6玉龙雪山东麓断层大坝子村西剖面C中的断层擦痕
玉龙雪山东麓断层大坝子村西剖面C中的断层擦痕
Figure 6.The fault scratch in the Dabazi section C of the eastern piedmont fault of Yulong Mountains
The fault scratch in the Dabazi section C of the eastern piedmont fault of Yulong Mountains
图 7玉龙雪山东麓断层下虎跳峡出口处地貌特征图
玉龙雪山东麓断层下虎跳峡出口处地貌特征图
Figure 7.The geomorphic features at the outlet of Down Tiger-Leaping-Gorge of the eastern piedmont fault of Yulong Mountains
The geomorphic features at the outlet of Down Tiger-Leaping-Gorge of the eastern piedmont fault of Yulong Mountains
图 9远眺下虎跳峡出口处的基岩三角面和大具盆地
远眺下虎跳峡出口处的基岩三角面和大具盆地
Figure 9.The photo of bedrock triangular facets at the outlet of Down Tiger-Leaping-Gorge and Daju Basin
The photo of bedrock triangular facets at the outlet of Down Tiger-Leaping-Gorge and Daju Basin
图 10玉龙雪山东麓断层的成因示意图
玉龙雪山东麓断层的成因示意图
云南省地质局第一区域调查大队.丽江幅1︰ 20万地质图及区域地质调查报告.北京:地质出版社, 1977.138~172
The First Regional Survey Team of Yunnan Geological Bureau. Lijiang 1︰ 200000 Geological Map and Regional Geological Survey Report. Beijing:Geological Publishing House, 1977. 138~172
云南省地质矿产局.云南省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社, 1990. 728
Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Yunnan Province. Regional Geology of Yunnan Province. Beijing:Geological Publishing House, 1990. 728
沈军, 汪一鹏, 任金卫. 中国云南德钦-中甸-大具断裂带第四纪右旋走滑运动. 见: 汪一鹏, 马宗晋编. 青藏高原岩石圈现今变动与动力学. 北京: 地震出版社, 2001. 123~136
Shen Jun, Wang Yipeng, Ren Jinwei. Quaternary dextral strike slip movement of Deqin-Zhongdian-Daju Fault in Yunnan Province, China. In:Wang Yipeng, Ma Zongjin eds. Study on the Recent Deformation and Dynamics of the Lithospheric of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Beijing:Seismological Press, 2001. 123~136
Wang E, Burchfiel B C, Royden L H et al. Late Cenozoic Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang, Red River, and Dali fault systems of southwestern Sichuan and central Yunnan, China. Geological Society of America Special Papers, 1998, 327:1~108
Gan W, Zhang P, Shen Z K et al. Present-day crustal motion within the Tibetan Plateau inferred from GPS measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2007, 112(B8):B08416
王富葆, 申旭辉, 李升峰等. 中喜马拉雅山北坡晚新生代地层的初步研究. 见: 青藏高原项目专家委员会编. 青藏高原形成演化、环境变迁与生态系统研究论文年刊(1994). 北京: 科学出版社, 1995. 114~120
Wang Fubao, Shen Xuhui, Li Shengfeng et al. The preliminary study on the Late Cenozoic stratigraphy of middle northern piedmont of Himalaya. In:Expert Committee of Tibetan Plateau Project ed. Annual Paper Collection (1994) of the Research on the Formation, Evolution, Environmental Change and Ecosystem on Tibetan Plateau. Beijing:Science Press, 1995. 114~120
Pan Baotian, Fang Xiaomin, Li Jijun et al. Late Cenozoic uplift and the environmental changes of the Tibetan Plateau. In:Shi Yafeng, Li Jijun, Li Bingyuan eds. Late Cenozoic Uplift and Environmental Changes on Tibetan Plateau. Guangzhou:Guangdong Science and Technology Press, 1995. 373~414
Lacassin R, Schärer U, Hervé L P et al. Tertiary deformation and metamorphism SE of Tibet:The folded Tiger-Leap decollement of NW Yunnan, China. Tectonics, 1996, 15(2):605~622
图(10)
返回顶部
Outcrop sections location of the eastern piedmont fault of Yulong Mountains
The E'meizi section A of the eastern piedmont fault of Yulong Mountains. (a)From up to down of the photo, the strata is red weathering crust, fault fracture zone, fault plane and limestone respectively; (b)The photo of fault plane and scratch
The E'meizi section B of the eastern piedmont fault of Yulong Mountains. The red weathering crust was involved in fault fracture zone in this section
The Dabazi section C of the eastern piedmont fault of Yulong Mountains. (a)Profile picture, the yellow eolian origin sandy soil layer is unit 1 in the upper part of the section, and the hole is the location of optically stimulated luminescence sample(the result do not come out); the grey gravel layer in the down part of the section is unit 2; (b)Geological sketch profile, the grey-yellow muddy layer which contains gravels is unit 3
The fault scratch in the Dabazi section C of the eastern piedmont fault of Yulong Mountains
The geomorphic features at the outlet of Down Tiger-Leaping-Gorge of the eastern piedmont fault of Yulong Mountains
The photo of bedrock triangular facets at the outlet of Down Tiger-Leaping-Gorge and Daju Basin