四川盆地西北地区构造变形特征、演化及油气地质意义
中国石油西南油气田公司勘探开发研究院 成都 610041
北京奥意尔工程技术有限公司 北京 100102
中国石油勘探开发研究院 北京 100083
中国石油天然气股份有限公司科学研究与技术开发项目（编号：2021DJ0504，2021DJ0301，2021DJ0204）资助
冉崎，男，1973年生，硕士，高级工程师，地质学及地球物理学专业
中图分类号:P542
Exploration and Development Research Institute, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, Chengdu 610212
Beijing Aoyier Engineering Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 100102
PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083
近年来川西北山前坳陷地区中二叠统天然气勘探取得重大突破，激发了勘探工作者向更大区域和更多层系探索的愿望。为了给下一步油气勘探提供依据与参考，本文系统讨论了川西北南华纪以来的盆地性质、构造—沉积格局及油气成藏条件。川西北经历了南华纪—早古生代、晚古生代—三叠纪、侏罗纪—新生代3大演化阶段，现今构造格局受燕山期龙门山、米仓山造山带以及向盆地逆冲推覆形成的冲断系统控制。其中龙门山北段冲断系统总体表现为由造山带向盆地方向扩展的“前列式”构造变形，在盆山结合位置，深部构造楔向造山带方向消减了大部分位移，造成前渊坳陷部位构造变形急剧减弱。川西北燕山期前陆盆地之下保存了南华纪—中奥陶世和泥盆纪—中三叠世两期完整、连续的裂陷层序与被动大陆边缘层序，具有优越的油气成藏条件。中⁃晚侏罗世—早白垩世龙门山与米仓山急剧隆升并向盆地大规模推覆，造成前渊坳陷内的海相层系急速埋藏增温，进入成藏高峰。由于山前冲断带自中⁃晚侏罗世（～160 Ma）以来处于抬升和剥蚀状态，而前渊坳陷始终处于埋藏状态，油气保存条件要优于山前冲断带，因此是深层—超深层油气勘探的重点地区。
Major breakthroughs are made lately for natural gas exploration in the Middle Permian Qixia Formation in the Shuangyushi and Jiulongshan structures, promoting the larger areas and deeper horizons exploration in the northwestern Sichuan Basin. In order to provide the basis and reference for the next hydrocarbon exploration, this paper discusses systematically the basin type, structure-sedimentary pattern, and hydrocarbon accumulation conditions since Nanhua Period. The northwestern Sichuan Basin has undergone three main evolution stages, including Nanhua-Early Paleozoic, Late Paleozoic-Triassic, and Jurassic-Cenozoic, present structural framework is controlled by Longmenshan and Micangshan orogenic zones, and their thrust systems toward basin in the Yanshanian Period. The north segment of the Longmenshan piedmont is characterized by break-forward thrusting from orogenic zone toward basin, the deep structural wedge absorbed most of displacements toward orogenic zone in the basin-range junction position, causing the intensity of structural deformation in the piedmont depression decreased rapidly. Two stages of complete and continuous rift and passive continental margin sequences, including Nanhua-Middle Ordovician and Devonian-Middle Triassic, preserved under foreland basin of Yanshanian Period, have good conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation. During Middle and Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous, Longmengshan and Micangshan uplifted rapidly, leading to quick filling, warming and peak of hydrocarbon generation of marine series in the piedmont depression. The piedmont thrust belts were kept in uplifting and erosion state, in contrast, the piedmont depression was kept in buried state since Middle-Late Jurassic, so the latter has better hydrocarbon preservation condition and is the key areas of deep and ultra-deep exploration.
图 1川西北地区地质图和主要构造
川西北地区地质图和主要构造
Figure 1.Geology map and the region's prominent structures of the northwestern Sichuan Basin
Geology map and the region's prominent structures of the northwestern Sichuan Basin
图 4川西北地区新元古代—早古生代构造与古地理演化
川西北地区新元古代—早古生代构造与古地理演化
Figure 4.Tectonic and paleogeographic evolution of Neoproterozoic-Early Palaeozoic in the northwestern Sichuan Basin
Tectonic and paleogeographic evolution of Neoproterozoic-Early Palaeozoic in the northwestern Sichuan Basin
图 5川西北地区晚古生代—三叠纪构造与古地理演化
川西北地区晚古生代—三叠纪构造与古地理演化
Figure 5.Tectonic and paleogeographic evolution of Late Palaeozoic-Triassic in the northwestern Sichuan Basin
Tectonic and paleogeographic evolution of Late Palaeozoic-Triassic in the northwestern Sichuan Basin
图 6川西北地区侏罗纪—新生代构造与古地理演化
川西北地区侏罗纪—新生代构造与古地理演化
Figure 6.Tectonic and paleogeographic evolution of Jurassic-Cenozoic in the northwestern Sichuan Basin
Tectonic and paleogeographic evolution of Jurassic-Cenozoic in the northwestern Sichuan Basin
郭正吾, 邓康龄, 韩永辉等. 1996. 四川盆地形成与演化. 北京: 地质出版社. 1-200.
Guo Zhengwu, Deng Kangling, Han Yonghui et al. 1996. The Formation and Evolution of Sichuan Basin. Beijing: Geological Publishing Housing. 1-200.
何登发, 李英强, 黄涵宇等. 2020. 四川多旋回叠合盆地的形成演化与油气聚集. 北京: 科学出版社. 1-569.
He Dengfa, Li Yinqiang, Huang Hanyu et al. 2020. Hydrocarbon Accumulation, Formation and Evolution of Multi-Cycle Superposed Sichuan Basin, China. Beijing: Science Press. 1-569.
李佐臣. 2009. 扬子地块西北缘后龙门山造山带(北段)物质组成、构造特征及其形成演化(博士学位论文). 西安: 长安大学. 1-223.
Li Zuochen. 2009. Composition, Structural Characteristics and Evolution of Back-Longmenshan Orogen (North Section) in the Northwest Margin of Yangtze Block (PhD Thesis). Xi'an: Chang'an University. 1-223.
孙衍鹏, 何登发. 2013. 四川盆地北部剑阁古隆起的厘定及其基本特征. 地质学报, 87(5): 609-620.
Sun Yanpeng and He Dengfa. 2013. Determination of the Jiange paleo-uplift and basic characteristics of the North Sichuan Basin. Acta Geologica Sinica, 87(5): 609-620.
王剑, 江新胜, 卓皆文等. 2019. 华南新元古代裂谷盆地演化与岩相古地理. 北京: 科学出版社. 1-252.
Wang Jian, Jiang Xinsheng, Zhuo Jiewen et al. 2019. Evolution and Lithofacies Palaeogeography of Neoproterozoic Rift Basins in South China. Beijing: Science Press. 1-252.
魏国齐, 贾东, 杨威等. 2019. 四川盆地构造特征与油气. 北京: 科学出版社. 1-283.
Wei Guoqi, Jia Dong, Yang Wei et al. 2019. Structural Features and Petroleum of Sichuan Basin. Beijing: Science Press. 1-283.
张国伟, 张本仁, 袁学诚. 2000. 秦岭造山带与大陆动力学. 北京: 科学出版社. 1-855.
Zhang Guowei, Zhang Benren and Yuan Xuecheng. 2000. Qinling Orogenic Belt and Continental Dynamics. Beijing: Science Press. 1-855.
图(8)
返回顶部
Geology map and the region's prominent structures of the northwestern Sichuan Basin
Tectonic and paleogeographic evolution of Neoproterozoic-Early Palaeozoic in the northwestern Sichuan Basin
Tectonic and paleogeographic evolution of Late Palaeozoic-Triassic in the northwestern Sichuan Basin
Tectonic and paleogeographic evolution of Jurassic-Cenozoic in the northwestern Sichuan Basin