1.中煤科工西安研究院（集团）有限公司，陕西 西安 710077
2.长安大学地球科学与资源学院，陕西 西安 710054
作者简介 About authors
为了查明南秦岭镇安西部大型钨钼多金属矿集区成矿物质来源，在矿床基础地质研究的基础上，运用岩石地球化学、硫化物单矿物硫同位素地球化学和锆石U-Pb同位素、辉钼矿Re-Os同位素地球化学等方法，对复式中酸性侵入体与钨钼成矿的时空关系和成因联系进行深入研究。结果表明：懒板凳岩体田湾单元、王家坪隐伏岩体和花岗细晶岩脉富集Si元素，且Mg#值和稀土总量较低，稀土元素配分曲线呈明显的四分组效应并具有强负Eu异常，岩浆分异结晶程度高；懒板凳岩体九间屋单元和王家坪隐伏岩体锆石U-Pb同位素年龄分别为（222.7±2.6）Ma和（201.6±4.7）Ma，棋盘沟钨矿床和江口钼矿床中辉钼矿Re-Os同位素模式年龄分别为（199.7±3.9）Ma和（198.7±3.9）Ma；钨钼矿床中硫化物单矿物δ34S值为3.6‰~10.2‰，推测成矿物质来源于复式岩体晚阶段形成于190~200 Ma之间的高分异演化酸性侵入体。
关键词：钨钼矿集区;成矿物质来源;复式岩体;镇安西部;南秦岭
Keywords：tungsten-molybdenum ore concentration area;ore-forming material source;complex rock mass;western area of Zhen’an;southern Qinling
本文引用格式
陕西镇安西部钨钼多金属矿集区是山阳—柞水—镇安—旬阳晚古生代—中生代多金属成矿带的重要组成部分。区内地层以古生界为主，岩性为一套浅变质碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩，走向NW，倾向NE-NNE。构造主要为一系列规模不一的断裂和褶皱等，走向以NE-NNE向为主，NW-NWW向次之。NE向构造以张性为主，局部发育NE-NNE向断裂—裂隙密集带。岩体主要有懒板凳、胭脂坝、四海坪和东江口岩体，均为中酸性复式岩体；侵入时代集中在早中生代，具有多期多阶段活动特征。
1.第四系全新统冲积层（Qhal）；2.四峡口组（C2s）；3.九里坪组（D3-C1j）；4.星红铺组（D3x）；5.古道岭组（D2-3g）；6.大枫沟组（D2d）；7.牛耳川组（D2n）；8.石家沟组（D2sh）；9.公馆组（D1g）；10.梅子垭组（S1-2m）；11.斑鸠关组（О3-S1-2b）；12.两岔口组（O2-3l）；13.白龙洞组（О1-2bl）；14.石瓮子组（∈1-O1-2s）；15.水沟口组（∈1sg）；16.灯影组（Z2dy）；17.陡山沱组（Z1d）；18.耀岭河岩群（Pt3Y）；19.陡岭岩群（Pt1D）；20.响潭沟变质酸性杂岩；21.小磨岭火山杂岩；22.胭脂坝岩体鹰咀石单元，似斑状中—粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩；23.胭脂坝/懒板凳岩体田湾单元，中—细粒黑云母二长花岗岩；24.懒板凳岩体小水河单元，细粒黑云母二长花岗岩；25.懒板凳岩体九间屋单元，似斑状中—粗粒黑云二长花岗岩；26.东江口岩体小川街单元，中—细粒黑云角闪石英二长岩；27.东江口岩体六里街单元，似斑状中—粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩；28.花岗伟晶岩脉；29.花岗细晶岩脉；30.伟晶岩脉；31.石英脉；32.闪长岩脉；33.角岩化带；34.矽卡岩化带；35.断层；36.韧性剪切带；37.钨/钼矿；38.钒/铜矿；39.金/铁矿；40.银/镍矿；41.铅锌/锡矿；42.岩浆岩采样位置；43.钨钼矿石采样位置；44.王家坪隐伏岩体位置；F1-山阳—凤镇断裂；F2-小川街—梅花店断裂；F3-三官庙—鱼洞峡断裂；F4-镇安—板岩镇断裂；F5-仁河口—公馆断裂；F6-太山庙—丝铺推覆断裂；F7-江口断裂；F8-旬阳坝—五间房断裂；F9-长坪—胭脂坝断裂；F10-六里街断裂；F11-黄金美断裂；F12-东川河断裂；F13-杨沟断裂；F14-小磨岭断裂；F15-杨木沟断裂
图2镇安西部钨钼矿集区构造—蚀变—矿化特征
①-含钨矿硅化大理岩；②-稠密浸染状钨矿化矽卡岩；③-灰色结晶大理岩；④-浸染状钨矿化矽卡岩；⑤-钨矿化石英脉；⑥-稀疏浸染状钨矿化矽卡岩；⑦-黄褐色氧化带；Qtz-石英；Bt-黑云母；Mot-辉钼矿；Py-黄铁矿；Sch-白钨矿；Di-透辉石；Pl-斜长石；Ms-白云母；Sk-矽卡岩
Fig.2Structure-alteration-mineralization characteristics of western Zhen’an W-Mo ore concentration area
图3杨沟—地耳沟钨钼矿区地质简图
1.第四系残坡积物及河流冲积物；2.下寒武—中奥陶统石瓮子组（∈1-O1-2s）；3.钼矿（化）石英脉；4.钨矿（化）石英脉；5.产状；6.勘探线；7.见矿钻孔；8.坑道
Fig.3Geological map of Yanggou-Diergou W-Mo mining area
表1镇安西部矿集区岩浆岩主量成分分析结果
Table 1 Analysis results of major components of magmatic rocks in western Zhen’an ore concentration area（%）
注：A/CNK=（Al2O3/（CaO+Na2O+K2O）mol.）；A/NK=（Al2O3/（Na2O+K2O）mol.）；SI=MgO×100/（MgO+FeO+Fe2O3+Na2O+K2O）（%）；FL=100（Na2O+K2O）/（Na2O+K2O+CaO）（%）；Mg#=atomic Mg/（Mg+Fe）×100
表2镇安西部矿集区岩浆岩稀土微量元素分析结果
Table 2 Analysis results of rare earth trace elements of magmatic rocks in western Zhen’an ore concentration area（×10-6）
注：δEu=EuN/［（SmN+GdN）×0.5］；δCe=CeN/［（LaN+PrN）×0.5］
图4镇安西部钨钼矿集区主要岩体稀土元素配分曲线和微量元素蛛网图
Fig.4REE distribution curves and trace elements spider diagram of complex massif in western Zhen’an W-Mo ore
concentration area
表3懒板凳九间屋单元、王家坪隐伏岩体和花岗细晶岩脉锆石U-Pb同位素测年数据
Table 3 Zircon U-Pb isotopic dating data of Jiujianwu unit，Wangjiaping concealed rock mass and granitic fine-grained dike
图5懒板凳岩体九间屋单元（a）、王家坪隐伏岩体（b）和花岗细晶岩脉（c）单颗粒锆石阴极发光图像
Fig.5The CL images of single-particle zircons from Jiujianwu unit of Lanbandeng rock mass（a），Wangjiaping concealed rock mass（b） and granitic fine-grained dike（c）
图6懒板凳岩体九间屋单元（a）、王家坪隐伏岩体（b）和花岗细晶岩脉（c）锆石U-Pb谐和图及花岗细晶岩脉锆石稀土元素配分曲线图（d）
Fig.6Zircon U-Pb harmonic map of Jiujianwu unit of Lanbondeng rock mass（a），Wangjiaping concealed rock mass（b） and granite-fine grained dike（c），zircon REE distribution curves of granite-fine grained dike（d）
表4镇安西部矿集区钨钼矿床S同位素组成
Table 4 Sulfur isotope composition of W-Mo deposits in western Zhen’an ore concentration area
1.含矿花岗斑岩；2.石英脉型矿化；3.矽卡岩型矿化；4.伟晶岩型矿化
表5辉钼矿Re-Os同位素测年结果
Table 5 Re-Os isotope dating results of molybdenite
矿集区酸性岩浆岩Nb/Ta值（4.75~13.77）小于或接近于地壳而小于地幔，表明岩浆源于地壳并混染了地幔物质。东江口、胭脂坝和四海坪岩体的Zr/Hf值（34.52~39.51）大于地幔而接近地壳，而懒板凳岩体、王家坪隐伏岩体和花岗细晶岩脉的Zr/Hf值（7.77~26.53）均小于地幔和地壳平均值，表明其经历了较高程度的分异结晶作用。除了懒板凳岩体、王家坪隐伏岩体Rb/Sr值（0.08~5.48）大于上地幔的Rb/Sr值（0.034）外，其余岩体Rb/Sr值均与地壳的Rb/Sr值（0.35）接近，也表明懒板凳岩体和王家坪隐伏岩体分异结晶程度较高。
图8镇安西部钨钼矿集区岩体年龄和钨钼成矿年龄对比
Fig.8Comparison of rock mass age and W-Mo metallogenic age in western Zhen’an W-Mo ore concentration area
图9杨沟—地耳沟钨钼矿区深部隐伏成矿岩体示意图
1.第四系残坡积物；2.大理岩；3.白云质大理岩；4.萤石矿化；5.辉钼矿（化）体；6.白钨矿（化）体；7.石英脉；8.隐伏黑云母二长花岗岩体；9.长石石英伟晶岩脉；10.产状
Fig.9Schematic diagram of deep concealed ore-forming rock mass in Yanggou-Diergou W-Mo mining area
大量研究资料表明，高分异演化钨钼成矿花岗岩具有较低的稀土总量，主要集中在50×10-6~200×10-6之间，石英脉型钨矿成矿岩体稀土元素配分曲线通常呈“海鸥式”（稀土四分组效应），轻重稀土分馏不明显，且均具有非常强烈的Eu负异常，δEu主要集中在0.007~0.900之间，表明成矿条件为较高温的还原环境。
（1）复式岩体中的懒板凳岩体田湾单元、王家坪隐伏岩体和花岗质岩脉具有富硅，稀土总量低，呈强负Eu异常，稀土元素配分曲线具有显著的四分组效应，且Zr/Hf值和Nb/Ta值较低，Rb/Sr值较高，岩浆结晶分异程度相对较高，代表了本区岩浆演化方向，属于钙碱性准铝—弱过铝质I型壳幔混源花岗岩类。
（2）锆石U-Pb同位素测年获得懒板凳岩体九间屋单元和王家坪隐伏岩体年龄分别为222.7 Ma和201.9 Ma，棋盘沟钨矿和江口钼矿的辉钼矿Re-Os同位素模式年龄分别为（199.7±3.9）Ma和（198.7±3.9）Ma。矿集区内岩浆岩形成时代主要集中在230~210 Ma和200~190 Ma 2个阶段，钨钼矿床成矿年龄集中在200~190 Ma之间，较晚期的王家坪隐伏岩体成岩时代与钨钼成矿时代接近。
（3）石英脉型和矽卡岩型钨钼矿床中硫化物单矿物δ34S范围为0.1‰~10.2‰，钨钼成矿物质来源应为复式岩体晚阶段形成于200~190 Ma之间的高分异演化酸性侵入体，以懒板凳岩体田湾单元、王家坪隐伏岩体和花岗质岩脉为代表。隐伏高分异演化黑云母二长花岗岩及岩脉发育地段将是矿集区内钨钼多金属矿（化）体的有利找矿靶区。
Nearly contemporaneous evolution of the A- and S-type fractionated granites in the Kruné hory/Erzgebirge Mts.，Central Europe
Zircon U-Pb dating and geochemical characteristics of Sihaiping pluton from southern Qinling orogenic belt in Shaanxi
Re-Os isotopic dating of a W-Be polymetallic deposit in the southern Qinling region，China
Metallogenic epoch and metallogenic model of the Hetaoping W- Be deposit in Zhen’an County，South Qinling
Geological characteristics，Re-Os geochronology of Xinpu molybdenum deposit in Ningshan，southern Qinling and its implications
Pegmatites and aplites：Their genetic and applied ore geology
Tectonic evolution of the Qinling orogen，China：Review and synthesis
Zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotope characteristics and their geological significance of the Shahewan，Caoping and Zhashui granitic plutons in the South Qinling orogen
Trace-element composition of hydrothermal zircon and the alteration of Hadean zircon from the Jack Hills，Australia
Geochemical and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic constraints on the origin of Late Triassic granitoids from the Qinling orogen，central China：Implications for a continental arc to continent-continent collision
Problems of the origin，ore-bearing and evolution of rare-metal granitoids
Early Mesozoic crust- and mantle-derived magmatic mixing in the Qinling orogeny：Evidence from geochemistry of mafic microgranular enclaves in the Dongjiangkou pluton
Molybdenite Re-Os age and metallogeny of the Yueheping skarnmolybdenum deposit in Ningshan， southern Qinling
Ore types of tungsten poly-metallic deposits and prospecting indications
Geological Characteristics and Metallogenesis of Taishanmiao Gold Deposit， Ningshan County
Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating and Lu-Hf isotopic system of Dongjiangkou，Zhashui and Liyuantang granitoid intrusions，South Qinling belt， central China
Research on mineralization stages of Dajishan deposit zone in Jiangxi Province
The Characteristics and Genes’s of the Zhen’an W deposit，ShaanXi Province，China
Indosinian granitoids and orogenic processes in the middle segment of the Qinling orogen， China
In situ U-Pb dating and trace element determination of standard zircons by LA-ICP-MS
Researches on Indosinian granites and mineralization in South Qinling
Metallogenic speciality of super giantpolymetallic tungsten deposit：Taking the Shizhuyuan deposit as an example
The study on petrology， mineralogy and geochemistry of tungsten-bearing granitic rocks in the Yeniutan，Subei County，Gansu Province
Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts：Implications for mantle composition and processes
The composition of the earth
LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age， geochemistry and Hf isotope of the granitoids from Huayang pluton in South Qinling orogen：Constraints on the genesis of Wulong plutons
On research advancement of southern Jiangxi’s tungsten deposits
Stable isotope geochemistry of ore deposits
Heterogeneous sources of the Triassic granitoid plutons in the southern Qinling orogen：An E‐W tectonic division in central China
Petrogenesis and Geodynamic Implications of the Late-Triassic Granitoids from the Qinling Orogenic Belt
A review of research achievements on REE geochemistry of tungsten deposits in China
The Richemont rhyolite dyke，Massif Central，France：A subvolcanic equivalent of rare-metal granites
Tectonic and Fluid Characteristics and Genesis Model of Qipangou Tungsten Deposit in West Zhen’an， South Qinling
Spatio-temporal distribution and current state of the research of the tungsten deposits：An overview
Zircon U-Pb dating of granitoids from South Qinling，Central China and their geological significance
Genetic discussion and geological and characteristics of geochemical of Jinpen tungsten deposit in Zhen’an，Shaanxi Province
Study on metallogenic model of Mo tungsten deposit
Petrogenesis of Yanzhiba granite in South Qinling：Constraints from zircon U-Pb ages， geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope
Highly fractionated granites：Recognition and research
Fluid characteristics and genesis of Xianglushan skarn scheelite deposit inXiushui，Jiangxi Province
The Huangshan A-type granites with tetrad REE：Constraints on Mesozoic lithospheric thinning of the southeastern Yangtze craton？
LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb geochronology and geological significance of Zhashui granitoids and Dongjiangkou granitoids from Qinling， central China
Ages of the Laocheng granitoids and crustal growth in the South Qinling tectonic domain，central China：zircon U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotopic constraints
Geochemistry and zircon U-Pb-Hf isotopic systematics of the Ningshan granitoid batholith，middle segment of the south Qinling belt，central China：constraints on petrogenesis and geodynamic processes
Research report on magmatism and tungsten-molybdenum mineralization in the western ore concentration area of Zhen’an
Zircon LA-ICPMS U-Pb dating and geochemical characteristics of Huangshaping granite in southeast Hunan Province，China
Zircon U-Pb age and the magma evolution process of the Huangshannan mafic-ultramafic intrusion in the East Tianshan Mountains
Some features of regional metallogeny of China
Late Triassic magmatism and tectonic evolution of Foping Dome area in South Qinling
Molybdenite Re-Os dating and its tectonic significance of the Guilingou porphyry molybdenum deposit， southern Qinling
Mineral chemistry of the Qitianling granitoid and the Furong tin ore deposit in Hunan Province，South China：implication for the genesis of granite and related tin mineralization
Advances in study of skarn-type scheelite deposit
Characteristics of greisen inclusions in alkali feldspar granite of Yaogangxian tungsten deposit
Characteristics of Granites and Discuss on the Genesis of the Tongcun Porphyry Mo （Cu） Deposit， Kaihua， Zhejiang Province
陕西南秦岭四海坪岩体锆石U-Pb年龄及地质意义
南秦岭镇安核桃坪钨铍矿床成矿时代及成矿模式探讨
南秦岭宁陕地区新铺钼矿地质特征、辉钼矿Re-Os年龄及地质意义
南秦岭沙河湾、曹坪和柞水岩体锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素特征及其地质意义
秦岭早中生代壳幔岩浆混合作用——来自东江口花岗岩体闪长质包体的地球化学证据
南秦岭宁陕地区月河坪矽卡岩型钼矿Re-Os年龄和矿床学特征
广西大明山矿集区钨多金属矿床类型及控矿因素与找矿标志
宁陕县太山庙金矿矿床地质特征与矿床成因
南秦岭东江口、柞水和梨园堂花岗岩类锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学与锆石Lu-Hf同位素组成
江西大吉山矿区成矿（矿化）阶段的研究
陕西镇安钨矿床特征及成因研究
秦岭中段印支期花岗质岩浆作用与造山过程
LA-ICP-MS标准锆石原位微区U-Pb定年及微量元素的分析测定
南秦岭印支期岩体与成矿研究
超大型钨多金属矿床成矿特殊性——以湖南柿竹园矿床为例
甘肃肃北野牛滩含钨花岗质岩岩石学、矿物学和地球化学研究
南秦岭华阳花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学和Hf同位素组成——对五龙岩体群成因的约束
赣南钨矿研究进展
秦岭造山带晚三叠世花岗岩类成因机制及深部动力学背景
中国不同类型钨矿床稀土元素地球化学研究成果综述
南秦岭镇安西部棋盘沟钨矿床构造和流体特征及成因模式探讨
钨矿床的时空分布及研究现状
南秦岭花岗岩锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义
陕西镇安金盆钨矿床地质地球化学特征与矿床成因
杨泗庙—赖板凳钼钨矿成矿模式研究
南秦岭胭脂坝花岗岩成因：锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素的制约
高分异花岗岩的识别与研究
江西香炉山矽卡岩型白钨矿矿床成因与流体特征
高度演化的黄山A型花岗岩：对扬子克拉通东南部中生代岩石圈减薄的约束？
秦岭柞水岩体和东江口岩体的锆石U-Pb年代学及其意义
镇安西部矿集区岩浆作用与钨钼成矿研究报告
湘东南黄沙坪花岗岩LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年及岩石地球化学特征
东天山黄山南镁铁—超镁铁质岩体锆石U-Pb年龄及岩浆演化过程探讨
中国区域成矿特征探讨
南秦岭佛坪穹窿地区晚三叠世岩浆作用和构造演化
南秦岭桂林沟斑岩型钼矿Re-Os同位素年代学及其构造意义研究
矽卡岩型白钨矿矿床研究进展
浙江桐村斑岩钼（铜）矿床岩浆岩特征及矿床成因讨论
石英脉型钨矿床中云英岩析离体及岩浆液态分异成矿研究——以湖南瑶岗仙钨矿床为例
1.含矿花岗斑岩；2.石英脉型矿化；3.矽卡岩型矿化；4.伟晶岩型矿化 ...
镇安西部矿集区棋盘沟钨矿和江口钼矿床辉钼矿Re-Os同位素测年结果见表5，棋盘沟钨矿床共生辉钼矿（QP-02）和江口钼矿床辉钼矿的模式年龄分别为（199.7±3.9）Ma和（198.7±3.9）Ma，二者年龄基本一致. ...
核桃坪铍钨矿床主要赋矿地层岩性为白龙洞组和两岔口组灰岩、片岩，矿区NW走向的F2正断层控制着主要铍钨矿体的产出，区内岩浆岩不发育，但矿区西南部发育有王家坪隐伏花岗岩体（图1）.核桃坪矿区已发现近平行分布的NW走向矿（化）体11个，以层状和似层状矽卡岩型为主，近EW和近SN向含矿石英脉和方解石脉型次之.F2断裂带两侧发育明显的断控矽卡岩化蚀变矿化分带［图2（a）］，断裂带内及附近蚀变矿化强烈，向两侧围岩蚀变矿化逐渐减弱，热液蚀变现象和热液脉体的广泛发育，表明矿区深部存在岩浆—热液事件，可能与矿区西南部王家坪隐伏岩体有一定的成因联系. ...
1.第四系全新统冲积层（Qhal）；2.四峡口组（C2s）；3.九里坪组（D3-C1j）；4.星红铺组（D3x）；5.古道岭组（D2-3g）；6.大枫沟组（D2d）；7.牛耳川组（D2n）；8.石家沟组（D2sh）；9.公馆组（D1g）；10.梅子垭组（S1-2m）；11.斑鸠关组（О3-S1-2b）；12.两岔口组（O2-3l）；13.白龙洞组（О1-2bl）；14.石瓮子组（∈1-O1-2s）；15.水沟口组（∈1sg）；16.灯影组（Z2dy）；17.陡山沱组（Z1d）；18.耀岭河岩群（Pt3Y）；19.陡岭岩群（Pt1D）；20.响潭沟变质酸性杂岩；21.小磨岭火山杂岩；22.胭脂坝岩体鹰咀石单元，似斑状中—粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩；23.胭脂坝/懒板凳岩体田湾单元，中—细粒黑云母二长花岗岩；24.懒板凳岩体小水河单元，细粒黑云母二长花岗岩；25.懒板凳岩体九间屋单元，似斑状中—粗粒黑云二长花岗岩；26.东江口岩体小川街单元，中—细粒黑云角闪石英二长岩；27.东江口岩体六里街单元，似斑状中—粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩；28.花岗伟晶岩脉；29.花岗细晶岩脉；30.伟晶岩脉；31.石英脉；32.闪长岩脉；33.角岩化带；34.矽卡岩化带；35.断层；36.韧性剪切带；37.钨/钼矿；38.钒/铜矿；39.金/铁矿；40.银/镍矿；41.铅锌/锡矿；42.岩浆岩采样位置；43.钨钼矿石采样位置；44.王家坪隐伏岩体位置；F1-山阳—凤镇断裂；F2-小川街—梅花店断裂；F3-三官庙—鱼洞峡断裂；F4-镇安—板岩镇断裂；F5-仁河口—公馆断裂；F6-太山庙—丝铺推覆断裂；F7-江口断裂；F8-旬阳坝—五间房断裂；F9-长坪—胭脂坝断裂；F10-六里街断裂；F11-黄金美断裂；F12-东川河断裂；F13-杨沟断裂；F14-小磨岭断裂；F15-杨木沟断裂 ...